Imperialism

=Imperialism=

Colony: takeover of country, domestic policy, send people to live in Protectorate: less control of affairs. Control of Foreign Policies and trade. Spheres of influence: ex. Guatemala-1950 (economic business) Philosophy: (was acceptable for time) Social Darwinism - Herbert Spence “White men’s burden” - Rudyard Kipling Industrialism prompted Imperialism, mercantilism. (wanted raw materials, money) Patriotism: proud of nation. Cultures fade away Cause for the World Wars and Cold Wars. Population in England exploded A.T Mahan- England had a powerful navy Theodore Roosevelt- assistant Secretary of the Navy. Missionary Zeal- Christianization- thought it was the best thing for the natives. England used imperialism to keep other countries from building powerful bases. Refusing to use imperialism was seen as a weakness. Soldier letters made it seem as if imperialism was a form of heroic acts. Imperialism was tied to social Darwinism and racism. (Superior races must dominate inferior races by military force to show how strong they are) Karl Pearson- Europeans had a responsibility to civilize ignorant peoples. “white men’s burden” Colonizing countries imported more from other countries than their own. Karl Marx: Imperialism was the ultimate demise for capitalism. Europeans controlled little of Africa before 1880. Most economic resources came from the slave trade. Major European states engaged in a land grab. During the Napoleonic Wars, the British had taken control of Cape, originally founded by the Dutch. 1835- Boers marched north towards the Orange and Vaal River. 1877- British government seized the Transvaal. After a revolt, it was recognized as an independent South African Republic. Boers and British massacred the Zulu and Xhosa tribes. 1838- British abolished slavery- colonies had to abolish slavery Jameson Raid- 1896. Jameson- military officer and friend of Cecil. Paid to harass Boers Boer War- 1899-1902 Cecil Rhodes- found diamond and gold companies. Monopolized production. His imperialistic ambitions led to his downfall in 1896. Transvaal belongs to South Africa Orange state was a free state. France and Portugal were the first to colonize Africa. Portuguese: west coast France- north coast Britain got interested in Egypt after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. They wanted to reach India. Italians- Tripoli and named the country Libya. Scottish missionary David Livingston and the British Henry M. Stanley explored Central Africa. King Leopold II of Belgium rushed the pursuit for the exploration and civilization of Central Africa. Urged Stanley for Belgian Settlement in Congo. 1898- Sudanese tribe tried to stop the British expansion. They were all massacred. Dutch established the West Indies Spanish- Philippines Captain James Cook- Australia. 1901- Commonwealth of Australia New Zealand- independent government in 1907 Afghanistan was a buffer state in 1907 Persia was divided into 2 1842- Britain obtained Hong Kong America wanted Korea. It was won by the Japanese. Britain controlled Burma and the Malay States France got Indochina- Vietnam fell in 1858 1880- France took control of Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos Thailand was a buffer state Segregated clubs, schools, churches Native were addressed by first names or “boy”. __China:__ Boxer Rebellion- 1900-1901 China. Purpose: push foreigners out of China Murdered foreign missionaries to China Chun Yat Sen overthrew the Manch dynasty Cause: 1898 flood Fear of foreigners Empress Cixie of Quing dynasty- didn’t stop the Boxer Rebellion Seize of Peking for 55 days Troops came in and defeated Boxers. Nationalism: foreign powers got more control over China Samurai revolt in 1867 to restore the emporor’s power. Matsuhito __Spanish American War__: Cuba- Jose Marti. 1895 Gorilla warfare movement Weylar “butcher” sent in to stop rebellion America sent people to protect businesses USS Beston Queen fled 1.5 million concentration camps William Randolph Hurst- J. Pulitzer- yellow journalism __Japan__ Meiji: Enlightened government __India__ Lord Kitchener- Britain’s military commander in India 1883- Indian National Congress 1900- Britain ¼ population, 1/5 land Sepoy mutiny: rumor about cow fats and pig fats. Savage uprising killed British families. Thugee cult- murder cult honoring Kali. Sati- burning of the widows. 1919- complete independence Bismark- German leader 1876- Serbia and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman empire Treaty of San Stefano- Bulgarian state The Congress of Berlin- 1878- demolished the treaty of San Stefano Reinsurance Treaty 1887- Russia and French could not make an alliance Emperor William II dismissed Bismark and took care of German Foreign policy. Dropped Reinsurance treaty with Russia 1894- France and Russia concluded a military alliance 1907- Triple Entente- France, Russia, Great Britain Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy