Russian+Revolution

=Russian Revolution=

__Terms:__ Autocracy: One person is in charge of the country, in this case, the Tsar

Okrana- secret police in charge of finding those who planned to start a revolution

Duma- parliament, congress

Dimitri Sipiagin- head of the Secret Police. Assassinated

Vladislav Plehve- Head of the Secret Police after Dimitri was assassinated. Thought that labor unions shouldn't be formed

"Black Hundreds": Aristocrats killed after Bloody Sunday

Sergei Witte: Tsar advisor; prompted the Tsar to pass the October Manifesto. Fired in 1905

October Manifesto- Tsar agrees to give some concession. Freedom of speech and press and arbitrary arrest. A Duma was created. Relieved a lot of unrest, people went back to work

Fundamental Laws: Tsar could abolish the Duma at will. Tsar had control over the military, Laws favored the upper class.

Pyotr Stolypin: Replaced Sergei Witte as the Tsar's advisors. Minister of the interior. Strict punishment. Discouraged people from disliking the Tsar. Doubled the number of people to enter the school. 1144 Russians executed in 1907.

Kulaks- farms

Electoral Law of 1907- changed the voting system. Favored rich aristocrats. You had to have property to vote

Bloody Sunday: A group of peasants marched to the Winter palace thinking that the Tsar did not know about their working conditions. Tsar was not in the city and the army intervened. Troops panicked and shot into the crowd. WOmen and children were in the march

Father Gapon: led the Bloody Sunday revolt. 96 killed, 360 wounded

Russo-Japanese War: 1905 against Japan for Manchuria and Korea. Japan won

Tsushima Battle: Japanese destroyed Russian fleet. Japan saw first major victory against a wESTERN EMPIRE. Eventually led to Pearl Harbor.

Tannemberg- 9000 captured, 100 000 drowned

Masurian Lakes- 1914

Brusilov Campaign- 1916. Brusilov led an army to push back the Austrians. 1 million deaths

Rasputin- advisor to the Tsarist. Claimed to have mystical powers and cured the Tsar's son from Hemophelia. Came from humble beginnings and selpt with aristocrat's wives

July Days- sailors at Krongstadt Naval base started a revolt. Army ready to fire. Trotsky came to tell rioters that they were not ready yet for a revolution. Lenin was in Finland.

Lenin: Head of the Bolshevik movement. Peace, Bread, Land.

April Thesis: Explained Lenin's Slogan

Bolsheviks: Small minority of the Russian population that overthrew the provisional government

Trotsky- Bolshevik, oversaw military actions

Kornilov Coup: turned on Korinsky but did not have the support of the military

Constituent Assembly- promised land reforms. Said they did not have enough time. Small minorities overthrew the governement. Bolsheviks

Russia was very feudal in Industrial Revolution. There were not many trains

Tsar Alexander freed serfs in 1861 to give the impression he was a reformer

Elites could travel because they had all the money

Peasants could be killed by the words of an aristocrat

Lower class spoke only Russian. Upper Class spoke French and Russian

Status cake: peasants- bourgeois-army-priests-governors-Tsar

10% bourgeoisie- learned to speak French 80% peasants

10-15% of Russia was literate

Orthodox Church taught people to pledge allegiance to the Tsar, the Great Father

Aristocrats ruled the peoples

Liberals wanted a western democracy

Several assassinations including Tsar Nicholas's father

Aristocracy did not pay taxes

Peasants lived in communities called Mirs

Results of Bad Sundays: 1) Bad press worldwide 2) Shocked Russians and foreigners alike 3) British prime minister said the Tsar was a blood shed ruler 4) 1/2 million workers went on strike 5) Sergei Alexandrovitch, the Tsar's uncle was assassinated 6) Unions were formed 7) Minorities revolted, example, Poles 8) 1905 mutiny of the Potemkin 2000 people were killed, 3000 people injured putting down the mutiny 9) General Strike 10) 500 delegates to form a Soviet 11) Towns began to elect Soviets 12) Peasants killed landowners

Liberals were in charge of the Duma, they wanted land reform. The Tsar sent the army and disbanded the Duma.

1907- Second Duma, lasted 5 months

Strikes in St.Petersburg and Moskow. Put down by military ruthlessly.

1915- 9 millions were called to serve. Poorly served and equipped. 1 gun for 5 soldiers. Officers were ineffective. Many soldiers deserted. Soldiers were ordered to shoot the deserters.

1915- Germans and Austrians crossed the border. 1 million Russian deaths. Tsar decided to take command of the war. Disastruous effect. Left a huge problem at home

Tsarist was German, began focusing on Raspoutine.

Feb/March 1917- strike at a steel meel. Putilof. Coincided with Women's Day. 200 000 women protested. Troops were called. General Kadhalov

Tsar abdicated for himself and for his son. Romanov dynasty ended by abdication

Provisional government was set

Duma appointed a government

Karenski- head of the government. Made lot of promises

-Government had to share power with the Petrograv Soviets

All soldiers must obey except if it contradicts

Allies promised them lots of help if they stayed in the war

Lenin 20 000 followers

Germany sent Lenin in Russia in the hopes that he will make Russia back out of the war

Bolsheviks were gounded by the Germans

Lenin started the Communist regime

Free press and speech under the provisional government

Communism benefited from the Government's failures

Trotsky was a snob and nobody liked him

Bolsheviks planned a revolution in November. THey stormed the Winter Palace and took Moskow after two weeks. Korenski escaped, Bolsheviks took over Russia

Pullout of the war

Implemented land reform

Lenin disbanded Constituant assembly.